National

The Silver Infocomm Initiative (SII) was developed in 2007 by Infocomm Media Development Authority in Singapore. The initiative targets digital inclusion of senior citizens aged 50 and above. SII promotes IT awareness and literacy among seniors to empower them in a digital society for a more engaged and connected lifestyle. About 200,000 seniors have benefitted from the SII initiative and its activities, such as the Silver IT Fest Plus, mass training and roadshows, classes at Silver Infocomm Junctions (SIJs) and Intergen IT Bootcamps (Infocomm Media Development Authority, 2018).

Luxembourg has provided one-on-one and group computer and internet literacy training sessions targeted at senior and low-income citizens affected by digital exclusion since 2000. Internetstuffen, municipality telecentres funded by the State, offer an ‘Internet Führerschein’ (Computer Driving Licence) – a 20-hour intensive course that leads to a diploma from the Ministry of Education (UNESCO, 2018). The diploma acknowledges the possession of necessary basic skills and competency to participate in the information society. The Internetstuffen also offer refresher courses to update or further knowledge in social networking, internet communication, online shopping or leisure.

The Constitution of the Republic of Korea acknowledges that all citizens ‘shall have an equal right to receive an education corresponding to their abilities’ and gives the state a duty to ‘promote lifelong education’. Lifelong learning (LLL) is implemented across national and local levels. The 1999 Lifelong Education Act establishes that all levels of government are responsible for promoting lifelong education policies that provide all citizens with opportunities to participate in lifelong education. The Act also requires the Ministry of Education to develop a comprehensive lifelong education promotion plan every five years at the national level, setting mid- and long-term policy objectives and the basic direction of lifelong learning promotion.

Lifelong learning is a part of the Norwegian government’s policy, inspired by the European Commission, OECD and other international organizations. Lifelong learning is an important principle in Norwegian education policy. The goal is to allow all Norwegians to get an education and develop their skills throughout their whole life. Lifelong learning is considered a way to increase the individual’s life quality and to provide greater economic growth and flexibility in the workplace (EURYDICE, 2019).

Vietnam Association for Promoting Education (VAPE) contributes to the nation’s socialization in education, intellect, human resource training and talent fostering for industrialization and modernization (Columbia Southern University, 2017).