Municipal

At the end of the twentieth century Medellín, Colombia, was notorious for its crime rate – reaching 368 homicides per 100,000 individuals, excessive drug trafficking and high poverty level. Thanks to the implementation of lifelong learning strategies and continuous efforts of both private and public sectors and civic engagement, Medellín has managed to transform drastically and become a creative, proactive learning city. In 2017, the homicide rate was lowered to 19 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with the poverty rate dropping from 22 per cent to 12 per cent (Learning Cities Networks, Medellín, n.d.).

The initiative of transforming Gelsenkirchen from an industrial hub into a learning city was implemented as an attempt to revive a city suffering from high unemployment rates that had reached 15 per cent by 2016. In 1998, after careful consideration of the current situation, aGEnda 21 was initiated to increase the city’s sustainability and incorporate new learning strategies that would improve the quality of life. Since 2008, efficient measures have been implemented to promote lifelong learning based on education for sustainable development (ESD). In 2016, more than 120 businesses, institutions and organizations signed a Joint Declaration on Learning as a confirmation of commitment to the development of the city and the community.

Since 2018, Cape Town, a city of 3.7 million people, has been experiencing an unprecedented drought. Cape Town’s water crisis was declared a national emergency when a decline in rainfall between 2015 and 2018 resulted in the worst droughts on record. The city announced a Day Zero – a point when the municipal water supply would be shut off. Thankfully, Day Zero never came, and the city’s largest water supplier, the Theewaterskloof Dam, was able to show an increase from 11 per cent of capacity on 9 March 2018, to 100 per cent on 2 October 2020 (Global Citizen, 9 October 2020).

The UNESCO Global Network of Learning Cities is an international policy-oriented network providing inspiration, know-how and best practice. Learning cities benefit from global collaboration in searching for effective solutions to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Two cases of study circles in the Republic of Korea show how this small-scale form of lifelong learning implementation can meet different learning needs. The first is taken from Uijeongbu City, where the Uijeongbu Mom Sam Atelier learning club brings together mothers who want to learn more about good parenting. It was formed in 2006 and pursues ‘pleasurable childcare and happy education’ by organizing social activities and fostering a culture of community learning. As part of the Uijeongbu Lifelong Learning Exhibition, the group organizes a family play camp with games and lectures on parental mentoring. The group also reaches out to the community with voluntary services including cooking and childcare (Yoon, 2020). In Osan City, a study circle has been established to support those with low levels of literacy skills. The Osan City Literary Workshop aims to help people from this target group become passionate about learning by providing them with experiential learning opportunities. The principles of lifelong learning are reflected in the workshop’s recruitment of participants: those who benefit range in age from their thirties to their sixties and come from different backgrounds. Organizers of the study circle bring their practices and experiences to the National Literacy Teacher Conference each year and collaborate with adult literacy instructors in other cities to share effective methods (Moon, 2020).