The Austrian Lifelong Learning Strategy (LLL:2020) was adopted on 5 July 2011 by the Council of Ministers. LLL:2020 implements a holistic approach to learning, from early childhood education and care to school and higher education, adult education and post-professional training and education. The strategy incorporates different policy areas of education, integration, labour market, economy, social and financial issues (Eurydice, 2018).

The European Lifelong Learning Indicators (ELLI) project is an initiative led by the Bertelsmann Foundation. One of its aims is to develop, test and pilot a new aggregate measure, the ELLI-Index, for country-level assessment of lifelong learning in the EU Member States.

The Composite Learning Index (CLI) developed by the Canadian Council on Learning (CCL) assesses the state of lifelong learning over time using the conceptual framework of lifelong learning proposed by UNESCO’s International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century (Delors et al, 1996, as cited in Saisana, 2008).

The Silver Infocomm Initiative (SII) was developed in 2007 by Infocomm Media Development Authority in Singapore. The initiative targets digital inclusion of senior citizens aged 50 and above. SII promotes IT awareness and literacy among seniors to empower them in a digital society for a more engaged and connected lifestyle. About 200,000 seniors have benefitted from the SII initiative and its activities, such as the Silver IT Fest Plus, mass training and roadshows, classes at Silver Infocomm Junctions (SIJs) and Intergen IT Bootcamps (Infocomm Media Development Authority, 2018).

Luxembourg has provided one-on-one and group computer and internet literacy training sessions targeted at senior and low-income citizens affected by digital exclusion since 2000. Internetstuffen, municipality telecentres funded by the State, offer an ‘Internet Führerschein’ (Computer Driving Licence) – a 20-hour intensive course that leads to a diploma from the Ministry of Education (UNESCO, 2018). The diploma acknowledges the possession of necessary basic skills and competency to participate in the information society. The Internetstuffen also offer refresher courses to update or further knowledge in social networking, internet communication, online shopping or leisure.